A cesarean section, or C-section, is the surgical delivery of an infant through an incision in the mother’s abdomen and uterus. Some cesarean sections are planned when a known medical problem would make labor dangerous for the mother or baby, while others are done when a quick delivery is needed to ensure the mother’s and infant’s well-being.

Situations in which a cesarean section may be used include:

• Fetal distress.
• Stalled labor that doesn’t respond to medicines or other methods.
• Breech delivery.
• Placenta problems.
• A mother’s HIV or active genital herpes infection.
• Some multiple pregnancies.
• Umbilical cord problems that reduce blood flow to the fetus.
• Maternal illness that makes it dangerous to undergo the stress of a vaginal birth.

The incision may be made across the bottom of the abdomen above the pubic area (transverse) or, in certain cases, in a line from the navel to the pubic area (vertical). In many cases, a woman delivering by cesarean can remain awake during the childbirth and be with her newborn soon afterward.

A cesarean section is a surgical procedure, and recovery takes longer than after a vaginal delivery. A woman recovering from a cesarean delivery requires extra help during the first week or so after delivery.