Topic Overview

What is heart valve disease?

Heart valve disease is the term used for a number of conditions that affect the four valves of the heart.

A heart valve disease happens when any of the heart’s valves either cannot open well enough to let blood flow through (stenosis) or cannot close well enough to prevent backflow of the blood (regurgitation). Heart valve disease can affect any of the four valves in different ways, including a combination of stenosis and regurgitation.

These diseases include:

• Aortic regurgitation.
• Aortic stenosis.
• Mitral regurgitation.
• Mitral stenosis.
• Tricuspid stenosis.
• Tricuspid regurgitation.
• Pulmonic stenosis.
• Pulmonic regurgitation.

What happens if you have a heart valve disease?

A heart valve disease affects how well blood flows through your heart.

Your heart is divided into two separate pumping systems—right and left:

• The right side of your heart receives oxygen-poor blood from your veins and pumps it to your lungs to take up fresh oxygen.
• The left side of your heart receives oxygen-rich blood from your lungs and pumps it through your arteries to your body.

Your heart has four separate chambers that pump blood—two on the right side and two on the left side:

• Right atrium
• Right ventricle
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle

Blood travels through your heart and lungs in four steps. In each step, it must pass through a valve.

• Step 1: The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.
• Step 2: The right ventricle pumps the oxygen-poor blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs.
• Step 3: The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it through the mitral valve to the left ventricle.
• Step 4: The left ventricle pumps the oxygen-rich blood through the aortic valve to the entire body.

See a picture of the heart and its chambers, valves, and blood flow.